The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a licensed radio service utilizing channels around 462 MHz and 467 MHz. Primarily used for short-distance, two-way voice communication, GMRS supports handheld radios, mobile radios, and repeater systems. Since 2017, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) expanded GMRS capabilities to include short data messaging applications like text messaging and GPS location information. This article provides a comprehensive overview of GMRS, including licensing, channel allocation, operational guidelines, and comparisons to similar services.
Licensing Requirements for GMRS
Operating a GMRS system mandates an FCC license. These licenses are valid for ten years and are renewable within a 90-day window preceding the expiration date. Post-expiration, a new license application is required. Non-individual GMRS systems licensed before July 31, 1987, are also eligible for renewal, but without major system modifications. Applicants must be 18 years or older and not represent a foreign government. Licensed individuals can authorize any family member, regardless of age, to operate stations and units within their system. Detailed licensing information is available in 47 C.F.R. Part 95 Subpart E, the FCC service rules for GMRS.
GMRS Channels and Bandwidth
GMRS offers 30 channels, each with a 25 kHz bandwidth (20 kHz authorized bandwidth) or 12.5 kHz. The following table outlines the channel and bandwidth allocation:
| Channel | Authorized Bandwidth |
|---|---|
| 462.5500 | 20 kHz |
| 462.5625 | 20 kHz |
| 462.5750 | 20 kHz |
| 462.5875 | 20 kHz |
| 462.6000 | 20 kHz |
| 462.6125 | 20 kHz |
| 462.6250 | 20 kHz |
| 462.6375 | 20 kHz |
| 462.6500 | 20 kHz |
| 462.6625 | 20 kHz |
| 462.6750 | 20 kHz |
| 462.6875 | 20 kHz |
| 462.7000 | 20 kHz |
| 462.7125 | 20 kHz |
| 462.7250 | 20 kHz |
| 467.5500 | 20 kHz |
| 467.5625 | 12.5 kHz |
| 467.5750 | 20 kHz |
| 467.6125 | 12.5 kHz |
| 467.6000 | 20 kHz |
| 467.6625 | 12.5 kHz |
| 467.6250 | 20 kHz |
| 467.7125 | 12.5 kHz |
| 467.6500 | 20 kHz |
| 467.5875 | 12.5 kHz |
| 467.6750 | 20 kHz |
| 467.6375 | 12.5 kHz |
| 467.7000 | 20 kHz |
| 467.6875 | 12.5 kHz |
| 467.7250 | 20 kHz |
GMRS Operational Procedures
GMRS licensees can utilize portable, mobile, fixed, and repeater stations, adhering to Subpart E of Part 95. Certain channels have restrictions on station types and usage, with some reserved solely for voice communication while others permit both voice and limited data. No channel is exclusively assigned; a “listen-before-talk” protocol is essential for effective communication and interference reduction. Typical communication range varies from one to twenty-five miles, influenced by station class, terrain, and repeater usage.
GMRS and Network Interconnectivity
GMRS stations are prohibited from connecting with the public switched telephone network or other networks for carrying GMRS communications. However, such networks can facilitate remote repeater control. Linking repeaters via the internet to extend communication range violates FCC regulations (95.1733(a)(8) and 95.1749). This restriction ensures localized communication, prevents interference, and promotes efficient spectrum utilization. Repeaters can only connect to external networks for remote control purposes, not for carrying communication signals.
Comparing GMRS to Other Services
While GMRS offers unique advantages, other services provide similar functionality:
- Citizens Band Radio Service (CBRS): Offers shared spectrum access for various applications.
- Family Radio Service (FRS): License-free, short-range communication for personal use. Shares some channels with GMRS.
- Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS): License-free, VHF radio service for business and personal use.
GMRS, intended for localized communication among individuals and groups, fosters efficient spectrum use and minimizes interference. Its licensing requirement ensures responsible operation and facilitates communication within a defined framework.
