The Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), a crucial part of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), has played a pivotal role in safeguarding animal and public health. One of APHIS’s most significant achievements is the near-eradication of brucellosis in cattle. This article explores the history of the brucellosis eradication program in the US, highlighting the collaborative efforts and evolving strategies employed by APHIS and its partners.
Brucellosis eradication efforts began in 1934 during the Great Depression. The economic downturn and a severe drought led to a cattle reduction program, which some states leveraged to combat brucellosis, then a major livestock disease. At that time, the infection rate in adult cattle was a staggering 11.5%. By 1954, the economic and public health impact of brucellosis prompted Congress to fund a comprehensive national eradication program. This program was a joint effort between the federal government, states, and livestock producers, a model of cooperation that continues to guide APHIS’s work.
The brucellosis eradication program has been a dynamic process, adapting to advancements in science and technology. Research and practical experience led to numerous modifications over the years. A major milestone was reached on December 31, 2000, when the US reported zero affected cattle herds for the first time. This marked a turning point in the fight against the disease.
However, due to the variable and often lengthy incubation period of brucellosis, the emergence of new cases was anticipated. APHIS remains vigilant, ready to swiftly address any new outbreaks and maintain the progress toward complete eradication. The agency’s commitment to rapid response and disease elimination underscores its dedication to protecting animal agriculture.
A cornerstone of any successful eradication program is a robust surveillance system. This allows for early detection and containment of the disease, preventing its spread to susceptible herds. The ability to identify, isolate, and eliminate brucellosis before widespread transmission is crucial for achieving eradication. The US experience demonstrates the importance of comprehensive surveillance in combating animal diseases.
The State-Federal Brucellosis Eradication Program exemplifies the power of collaboration and adaptability in addressing significant animal health challenges. The near-eradication of brucellosis is a testament to the enduring commitment of APHIS, state agencies, and livestock producers to safeguarding animal health and, by extension, public health and the economic viability of the cattle industry. The program serves as a model for other disease eradication efforts globally.
